Informação
QuintoNaipe

 TORNEIOS REAL CLUBE DE CAMPO D. CARLOS I 
Quarta‑feira, 23 de Março de 2022 # 248



   7 tables, 13 pairs, 1 phantom pair. Number of boards: 24. Average: 120,0.
Bye (*) awards recorded percentage. Tiebreak. Rank Pair Score % Tie Name M-ID 1 11 168,0 * 70,0 Emanuel Oliveira - Parshotam Ranchordas 2789 2024 2 9 154,3 * 64,3 Piedade Polignac Belas - Inocêncio Araújo 2149 1088 3 2 133,0 55,4 Sylvie Langlitz - Luísa Reis 4048 2661 4 3 132,0 55,0 Isabel Soares - Manuel Infante 2572 +225 5 7 129,1 * 53,8 2 Michèle Hyrailles - Jean-Paul Denis +169 6 14 129,1 * 53,8 0 Helena Ávila - António Rocha 3265 3177 7 12 122,3 * 51,0 Rosário Abreu - Mário Correia 2823 2042 8 13 118,9 * 49,5 Isabel Fonseca - Rui Castel-Branco Borges 885 4095 9 4 116,0 48,3 Teresa Ferreira - Berta Coutinho 3267 3126 10 1 104,0 43,3 Louise Clément - Olívio Guerreiro 4043 +46 11 5 96,0 40,0 Gul Laporte - Paulo Santiago +185 3958 12 8 82,3 * 34,3 João Morgado - Boaventura Almeida 2563 2569 13 10 77,7 * 32,4 António Bispo - Mário Lopes 3937 +161
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 1 K1098752 ! 2 Q1042 ! ! North J ! East Q97 ! ! None K62 ! N-S 86 ! ! A7 ! 8765 ! ! A J43 ! AKJ9 653 ! ! 842 K96 ! AJ32 86 ! ! AJ103 Q854 ! A2 KJ1053 ! ! KQJ94 832 ! QJ3 K94 ! ! Q6 ! 87 ! ! AQ10753 ! K1054 ! ! 97 ! Q974 ! ! 1065 ! A102 ! ! ! ! ! 4♠ N 420 ! 3♠ E -140 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - 4 2 - - ! N - - - - - ! ! S - 4 2 - - ! S - - - - - ! ! E - - - 2 1 ! E 2 3 2 4 2 ! ! W - - - 2 1 ! W 2 3 2 4 2 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 1 8 3♠ N = 140 6,0 4,0 ! 1 1 8 1N W = -90 8,0 2,0 ! ! 2 14 13 3♠ N +2 200 8,0 2,0 ! 2 14 13 3N W +2 -460 0,0 10,0 ! ! 3 -- 11 Bye 7,0 ! 3 -- 11 Bye 7,0 ! ! 4 5 9 4♠ N -1 -50 2,0 8,0 ! 4 5 9 3N W +1 -430 3,0 7,0 ! ! 5 4 7 3♠ N -1 -50 2,0 8,0 ! 5 4 7 3N W +1 -430 3,0 7,0 ! ! 7 3 12 4♠ N -1 -50 2,0 8,0 ! 7 3 12 3N W = -400 6,0 4,0 ! ! 8 2 10 4♠ N = 420 10,0 0,0 ! 8 2 10 3N W -1 50 10,0 0,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 3 K1096 ! 4 AK9 ! ! South 952 ! West AJ42 ! ! E-W 842 ! All QJ83 ! ! KQJ ! 104 ! ! Q875 A ! Q2 1075 ! ! A106 Q7 ! Q73 K86 ! ! QJ9 K753 ! K1097 654 ! ! 1093 A87642 ! AK86 Q973 ! ! J432 ! J8643 ! ! KJ843 ! 1095 ! ! A106 ! A2 ! ! 5 ! J52 ! ! ! ! ! 3♣ W -110 ! 3♠ N 140 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - 1 - - - ! N 2 3 2 - - ! ! S - 1 - - - ! S 2 3 2 1 - ! ! E 1 - 1 2 3 ! E - - - - 1 ! ! W 1 - - 2 3 ! W - - - - 1 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 1 8 3♣ E +1 -130 2,0 8,0 ! 1 2 9 2♠ N = 110 2,0 8,0 ! ! 2 14 13 3♣ E = -110 6,0 4,0 ! 2 1 7 3x W -3 800 10,0 0,0 ! ! 3 -- 11 Bye 7,0 ! 3 13 12 1N N +4 210 8,0 2,0 ! ! 4 5 9 3♣ E +1 -130 2,0 8,0 ! 4 -- 10 Bye 3,2 ! ! 5 4 7 2 S -1 -50 8,0 2,0 ! 5 5 8 2♣ W = -90 0,0 10,0 ! ! 7 3 12 3♣ E +1 -130 2,0 8,0 ! 6 4 14 2♠ S +1 140 5,0 5,0 ! ! 8 2 10 2 S = 110 10,0 0,0 ! 8 3 11 3♠ N = 140 5,0 5,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 5 1076 ! 6 1087 ! ! North AJ1053 ! East KQ7 ! ! N-S 74 ! E-W 87543 ! ! 872 ! Q5 ! ! Q2 KJ853 ! J65 AK9 ! ! K842 976 ! A965 J32 ! ! Q832 9 ! QJ62 K ! ! QJ10 A653 ! A3 KJ9764 ! ! A94 ! Q432 ! ! Q ! 1084 ! ! AKJ1065 ! A109 ! ! K94 ! 1082 ! ! ! ! ! 2 N 90 ! 5N E -660 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N 1 - 1 2 - ! N - - - - - ! ! S 1 - 1 2 - ! S - - - - - ! ! E - 1 - - 1 ! E 5 3 4 2 5 ! ! W - 1 - - 1 ! W 5 3 4 2 5 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 2 9 3 S -1 -100 3,0 7,0 ! 1 2 9 3N W +3 -690 1,0 9,0 ! ! 2 1 7 3 S -1 -100 3,0 7,0 ! 2 1 7 3N E +3 -690 1,0 9,0 ! ! 3 13 12 3 N -1 -100 3,0 7,0 ! 3 13 12 4 W = -620 9,0 1,0 ! ! 4 -- 10 Bye 3,2 ! 4 -- 10 Bye 3,2 ! ! 5 5 8 3 S = 110 8,0 2,0 ! 5 5 8 3N W +1 -630 6,0 4,0 ! ! 6 4 14 3 S -1 -100 3,0 7,0 ! 6 4 14 5♣ E +1 -620 9,0 1,0 ! ! 8 3 11 1N S +1 120 10,0 0,0 ! 8 3 11 3N E +2 -660 4,0 6,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 7 AQ10942 ! 8 1063 ! ! South 86 ! West Q63 ! ! All AQ ! None Q832 ! ! K75 ! K105 ! ! 853 J6 ! --- KJ97 ! ! Q10542 AJ3 ! J987 K10 ! ! J1087 65 ! AK10765 J9 ! ! 3 Q109864 ! 764 AQJ98 ! ! K7 ! AQ8542 ! ! K97 ! A542 ! ! K9432 ! 4 ! ! AJ2 ! 32 ! ! ! ! ! 6N S 1440 ! 5 W -400 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N 6 6 2 5 3 ! N - 1 - - - ! ! S 6 6 2 5 3 ! S - 1 - - - ! ! E - - - - - ! E 3 - 2 5 4 ! ! W - - - - - ! W 3 - 2 5 4 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 3 10 4♠ N +2 680 6,0 4,0 ! 1 3 10 3♠ S -3 -150 2,0 8,0 ! ! 2 2 8 4♠ N +2 680 6,0 4,0 ! 2 2 8 3N E -3 150 8,0 2,0 ! ! 3 1 14 4♠ N +2 680 6,0 4,0 ! 3 1 14 3 W -1 50 4,0 6,0 ! ! 4 12 11 4♠ N +1 650 0,0 10,0 ! 4 12 11 3N E +3 -490 0,0 10,0 ! ! 5 -- 9 Bye 6,4 ! 5 -- 9 Bye 6,4 ! ! 6 5 7 4♠ N +2 680 6,0 4,0 ! 6 5 7 5x W -1 100 6,0 4,0 ! ! 7 4 13 4♠ N +2 680 6,0 4,0 ! 7 4 13 4 E -4 200 10,0 0,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 9 A9875 ! 10 KQ86 ! ! North KQ7 ! East QJ972 ! ! E-W AK7 ! All 75 ! ! K9 ! 72 ! ! K10643 Q2 ! A2 53 ! ! --- AJ543 ! 54 A86 ! ! QJ93 1054 ! 109862 QJ4 ! ! A1063 Q74 ! Q843 AJ1065 ! ! J ! J10974 ! ! 109862 ! K103 ! ! 862 ! AK3 ! ! J852 ! K9 ! ! ! ! ! 3 S 140 ! 4 S 620 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - - 2 - - ! N 1 3 4 - - ! ! S - - 3 - - ! S 1 3 4 - - ! ! E 1 1 - 1 1 ! E - - - 2 2 ! ! W 1 2 - 1 1 ! W - - - 2 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 3 10 1♠ N -1 -50 5,0 5,0 ! 2 3 9 2♠ S +2 170 3,0 7,0 ! ! 2 2 8 3♣ W -2 200 10,0 0,0 ! 3 2 7 2♠ S +2 170 3,0 7,0 ! ! 3 1 14 1♠ N -2 -100 0,0 10,0 ! 4 1 13 4♠ S = 620 8,0 2,0 ! ! 4 12 11 1♠ N -1 -50 5,0 5,0 ! 5 11 10 4♠ S +1 650 10,0 0,0 ! ! 5 -- 9 Bye 6,4 ! 6 -- 8 Bye 3,4 ! ! 6 5 7 1♠ N -1 -50 5,0 5,0 ! 7 5 14 2♠ S +2 170 3,0 7,0 ! ! 7 4 13 1♠ N -1 -50 5,0 5,0 ! 8 4 12 3♠ S +1 170 3,0 7,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 11 A ! 12 KJ92 ! ! South 1095 ! West AQ97 ! ! None J97432 ! N-S 8 ! ! Q65 ! Q654 ! ! 9764 K108 ! --- A874 ! ! AQ843 K72 ! KJ6432 5 ! ! 85 AK106 ! AJ64 9752 ! ! J7 1092 ! AKJ 10872 ! ! QJ532 ! Q10653 ! ! J6 ! 108 ! ! Q ! KQ103 ! ! AK843 ! 93 ! ! ! ! ! 3♣x S -100 ! 2N N 120 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - - - - 2 ! N 2 2 - - - ! ! S - - - - 2 ! S 2 2 - - - ! ! E 1 - 2 - - ! E - - 1 1 1 ! ! W 1 - 2 - - ! W - - 1 1 1 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 2 3 9 3♣ S = 110 9,0 1,0 ! 2 3 9 3 W -1 50 7,0 3,0 ! ! 3 2 7 2♠ S -2 -100 2,0 8,0 ! 3 2 7 3 W -1 50 7,0 3,0 ! ! 4 1 13 2 W +1 -140 0,0 10,0 ! 4 1 13 1 W = -80 4,0 6,0 ! ! 5 11 10 3♣ S = 110 9,0 1,0 ! 5 11 10 4x W -3 500 10,0 0,0 ! ! 6 -- 8 Bye 3,4 ! 6 -- 8 Bye 3,4 ! ! 7 5 14 3♣ S -1 -50 5,0 5,0 ! 7 5 14 4♠ N -1 -100 2,0 8,0 ! ! 8 4 12 2♣ S -1 -50 5,0 5,0 ! 8 4 12 4♠ S -2 -200 0,0 10,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 13 KQ73 ! 14 10 ! ! North J9843 ! East J9 ! ! All 4 ! None Q10764 ! ! Q97 ! QJ1093 ! ! 82 AJ4 ! KQ3 A9875 ! ! AQ62 75 ! Q42 A10873 ! ! K73 A962 ! AK 93 ! ! A654 K832 ! A8764 K ! ! 10965 ! J642 ! ! K10 ! K65 ! ! QJ1085 ! J852 ! ! J10 ! 52 ! ! ! ! ! 5♣ E -600 ! 6♠ E -980 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - - - - - ! N - - - - - ! ! S - - - - - ! S - - - - - ! ! E 3 1 2 3 5 ! E 5 6 6 1 3 ! ! W 3 1 2 3 5 ! W 5 6 6 1 3 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 4 11 3N E = -600 2,0 8,0 ! 1 4 11 4♠ E +1 -450 3,0 7,0 ! ! 3 3 8 2N E -2 200 10,0 0,0 ! 3 3 8 6N W -1 50 9,0 1,0 ! ! 4 2 14 2 E = -90 6,0 4,0 ! 4 2 14 5♠ E = -450 3,0 7,0 ! ! 5 1 12 3N W -1 100 8,0 2,0 ! 5 1 12 6♠ W -1 50 9,0 1,0 ! ! 6 10 9 3N E = -600 2,0 8,0 ! 6 10 9 4♠ E +1 -450 3,0 7,0 ! ! 7 -- 7 Bye 5,4 ! 7 -- 7 Bye 5,4 ! ! 8 5 13 3N E = -600 2,0 8,0 ! 8 5 13 4♠ E +1 -450 3,0 7,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 15 Q ! 16 7543 ! ! South AQ5 ! West 764 ! ! N-S AQ965 ! E-W 7 ! ! J985 ! AQJ65 ! ! A1076543 KJ92 ! KQ92 106 ! ! 93 7 ! QJ3 AK1052 ! ! KJ3 2 ! KJ1064 3 ! ! 7 AKQ10643 ! 2 K10873 ! ! 8 ! AJ8 ! ! KJ108642 ! 98 ! ! 10874 ! AQ9852 ! ! 2 ! 94 ! ! ! ! ! 6x S -200 ! 4 W -620 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - - 5 4 - ! N - - - - - ! ! S - - 5 4 - ! S - - - - - ! ! E - 5 - - 5 ! E 3 2 4 2 2 ! ! W - 5 - - 5 ! W 3 2 4 2 2 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 4 11 4♠ W +1 -450 7,0 3,0 ! 1 5 12 2N W +2 -180 3,0 7,0 ! ! 3 3 8 4♠ W +1 -450 7,0 3,0 ! 2 4 10 2N W +2 -180 3,0 7,0 ! ! 4 2 14 5♣x E = -550 2,0 8,0 ! 4 3 7 2N E +1 -150 6,0 4,0 ! ! 5 1 12 5♠x W = -650 0,0 10,0 ! 5 2 13 2 W -1 100 10,0 0,0 ! ! 6 10 9 5♠ W = -450 7,0 3,0 ! 6 1 11 3N E +2 -660 0,0 10,0 ! ! 7 -- 7 Bye 5,4 ! 7 9 8 3 E = -140 8,0 2,0 ! ! 8 5 13 4♠ W +1 -450 7,0 3,0 ! 8 -- 14 Bye 5,4 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 17 AKJ10 ! 18 J87 ! ! North A82 ! East Q43 ! ! None Q2 ! N-S Q874 ! ! 10764 ! A83 ! ! 7 Q93 ! Q95 AK10642 ! ! 10965 KJ ! --- A109 ! ! AKJ3 10764 ! AKJ9653 --- ! ! J532 AQ98 ! J95 K1072 ! ! 86542 ! 3 ! ! Q743 ! KJ87652 ! ! 985 ! 102 ! ! K ! Q64 ! ! ! ! ! 4♠x N -300 ! 6♠ E -980 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N - 2 - - - ! N - - 2 - - ! ! S - 2 - - - ! S - - 2 - - ! ! E 3 - 1 4 4 ! E 3 6 - 5 5 ! ! W 3 - 1 4 4 ! W 3 6 - 5 5 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 5 12 2 E +2 -130 0,0 10,0 ! 1 5 12 4♠ E +1 -450 6,0 4,0 ! ! 2 4 10 4♠ S -2 -100 2,0 8,0 ! 2 4 10 4♠ E +1 -450 6,0 4,0 ! ! 4 3 7 2♠ S = 110 6,0 4,0 ! 4 3 7 4♠ E +2 -480 2,0 8,0 ! ! 5 2 13 2♠ S = 110 6,0 4,0 ! 5 2 13 5♠ E = -450 6,0 4,0 ! ! 6 1 11 2♠ S = 110 6,0 4,0 ! 6 1 11 6♠ E = -980 0,0 10,0 ! ! 7 9 8 3♣ E -4 200 10,0 0,0 ! 7 9 8 6♠ E -1 50 10,0 0,0 ! ! 8 -- 14 Bye 5,4 ! 8 -- 14 Bye 5,4 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 19 QJ109 ! 20 --- ! ! South Q6 ! West A9873 ! ! E-W AJ1095 ! All KQ43 ! ! K7 ! A764 ! ! K82 A63 ! AJ105 K7 ! ! J1093 8752 ! 105 KQJ6 ! ! Q8763 K2 ! AJ8 107 ! ! 4 9865 ! KQ83 J10952 ! ! 754 ! Q986432 ! ! AK4 ! 42 ! ! 4 ! 9652 ! ! AQJ1032 ! --- ! ! ! ! ! 4N S 430 ! 3N W -600 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N 4 4 2 2 5 ! N - 1 - 1 - ! ! S 4 4 2 2 5 ! S - 1 - 1 - ! ! E - - - - - ! E 3 - - - 3 ! ! W - - - - - ! W 3 - - - 4 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 -- 13 Bye 5,0 ! 1 -- 13 Bye 5,0 ! ! 2 5 11 3N S = 400 4,0 6,0 ! 2 5 11 4x N -3 -800 0,0 10,0 ! ! 3 4 9 2♠ N +3 200 2,0 8,0 ! 3 4 9 5N W -1 100 10,0 0,0 ! ! 5 3 14 5♠ N -1 -50 0,0 10,0 ! 5 3 14 3N W = -600 6,0 4,0 ! ! 6 2 12 3N N +1 430 6,0 4,0 ! 6 2 12 3N W +2 -660 2,0 8,0 ! ! 7 1 10 3N N +2 460 8,0 2,0 ! 7 1 10 3♣ W +1 -130 8,0 2,0 ! ! 8 8 7 3N S +3 490 10,0 0,0 ! 8 8 7 3N W +1 -630 4,0 6,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 21 A ! 22 J1054 ! ! North AQ1053 ! East A10832 ! ! N-S 7632 ! E-W 976 ! ! Q93 ! 7 ! ! J752 Q43 ! AQ7 K92 ! ! K84 62 ! 4 KJ97 ! ! KQJ4 A10985 ! KQ85432 10 ! ! KJ 1075 ! 105 AQ642 ! ! K10986 ! 863 ! ! J97 ! Q65 ! ! --- ! AJ ! ! A8642 ! KJ983 ! ! ! ! ! 5 N 650 ! 4N E -630 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N 1 2 5 - 5 ! N - - - - - ! ! S 1 2 5 - 5 ! S - - - - - ! ! E - - - 1 - ! E 4 2 1 4 2 ! ! W - - - 1 - ! W 4 2 1 4 2 ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 -- 13 Bye 5,0 ! 1 7 14 2 W +1 -110 8,0 2,0 ! ! 2 5 11 3 E -1 50 2,0 8,0 ! 2 -- 12 Bye 5,1 ! ! 3 4 9 2 N +4 230 8,0 2,0 ! 3 5 10 3 W +1 -130 6,0 4,0 ! ! 5 3 14 4 N = 620 10,0 0,0 ! 4 4 8 3N E +1 -630 2,0 8,0 ! ! 6 2 12 2 N +1 140 6,0 4,0 ! 6 3 13 3N E -1 100 10,0 0,0 ! ! 7 1 10 2 N = 110 4,0 6,0 ! 7 2 11 3N E +1 -630 2,0 8,0 ! ! 8 8 7 4 N -1 -100 0,0 10,0 ! 8 1 9 3N E +1 -630 2,0 8,0 ! ! ! ! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! ! ! 23 K864 ! 24 AKJ875 ! ! South K63 ! West 4 ! ! All A107632 ! None K1043 ! ! --- ! K5 ! ! AJ1093 Q72 ! Q4 10 ! ! J9 Q87542 ! AQ982 J653 ! ! J95 KQ ! 875 AQJ96 ! ! J92 103 ! Q106 J84 ! ! 5 ! 9632 ! ! A10 ! K107 ! ! 84 ! 2 ! ! AKQ87654 ! A9732 ! ! ! ! ! 5N S 660 ! 5♠ N 450 ! ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! N ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ ! ! N 5 - - 4 5 ! N - 5 - - 2 ! ! S 5 - - 4 5 ! S - 5 - - 2 ! ! E - - - - - ! E - - 2 2 - ! ! W - - 1 - - ! W - - 2 2 - ! ! ! ! ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! Round Pair Contr Result Score ! ! 1 7 14 3♣ S +3 170 4,0 6,0 ! 1 7 14 4♠ N +1 450 5,0 5,0 ! ! 2 -- 12 Bye 5,1 ! 2 -- 12 Bye 5,1 ! ! 3 5 10 3N N +2 660 10,0 0,0 ! 3 5 10 4♠ N +1 450 5,0 5,0 ! ! 4 4 8 5♣ S +1 620 7,0 3,0 ! 4 4 8 4♠ N +1 450 5,0 5,0 ! ! 6 3 13 6N N -5 -500 0,0 10,0 ! 6 3 13 4♠ N +1 450 5,0 5,0 ! ! 7 2 11 5♣ S +1 620 7,0 3,0 ! 7 2 11 4♠ N +1 450 5,0 5,0 ! ! 8 1 9 3♣ S +2 150 2,0 8,0 ! 8 1 9 4♠ N +1 450 5,0 5,0 ! ! ! ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------